Urban Conservation planning is a very special kind of Urban Planning. The old/historic town and city centers and settlements are unique samples are our history and culture. Since middle ages especially in Europe , there has been rising conciusness towards to monumental buildings especially cathedrals, old ancient monuments, ruins. During second world war , in Europe , many cities and towns were destroyed and after war they started to renew and restore the old parts and buildings.
In 1975 , “Europen Heritage Year”,the conservation theory and pratic has spread not only monumental buildings but simple houses together vith them. Conservations conciousness was wide spread towards to the hole urban area hold core of the town and cities. The importance of the whole parts of the old settlements , like houses, trees, streets, pavements, vistas and landmarks were together taken into the planning works.
In our country very first preservations conciousness were at 1960’s in Ottoman Empire times , by “Asar-ı Atika Nizamnamesi “. The main effort has been made by Osman Hamdi Bey against to the ancient monuments, scultures and findings carried out of the country by foreigner archeologists. One of precious example in “ZEUS ALTAR of BERGAMA /PERGAMON “ wholly carried out of the country to the “BERLİN Pergamon Museum “ . During Ottoman times ; conservations works mainly focus on to the restoration of public buildings (inns, caravanserais.baths, bridges etc.) and mosques . Especially restoration of pious foundations (vakfs) buildings were main subject of conservations.
After republic , conservation of ancient monuments and ruins has been made by Ministry of Educations in 1945 (?) first (G.E.E.A.Y.K.)High Council of Ancient Monuments established to maintain of historic monuments and sites.
Since 1970, the “Asar-i Atika Nizamnamesi “ in use and the new law of “Old Monuments Law Numbered 1710” prepared.
In this law ; there are only the monumental conservations idia and preservation of important monuments were taken into consideration.
But after the “Year of Europen Heritage “, in 1975 the idias of conservation of whole towns/sites has been accepted in Turkey and works were carried towards to the conservation of historic urban sites.
High urbabisations rate since 1950,and land speculation and high pressure within the settled areas and historic cores of the cities ,has been occured great damage on these old Ottoman –Turk settlements. Especially after 1960 ; the “Law of Flat Ownership “ (Kat mülkiyeti), resulted to destroy and renewal of the old parts of the cities . especially in Metropolitan Cities.
The law of 2863 “Preservation of Naturel and Historical Monuments Law “ which is now in use since 1983. In this law , the definition of Urban Conservation Site “,Archeological Conservation Site “, “Naturel Conservation Site has made first time and “Conservation Planning works has given as a right of Municipalities .
After 1983 ,the conservation planning has been widely spread all over the Turkey One of First conservation planning works has been made at Antalya and implementations perfectly made by Tourism Bank . In İstanbul (Zeyrek and some restoration works of Touring Club) , ın İzmir (Kemeraltı) ,Bursa (Inns area/ old commercial center ).
RESEARCH MATERİALS OF A URBAN RENEWAL AND CONSERVATİON PLAN :
1. 1/25000 AND 1/5000 Scaled Urban Master Plans and Landuse maps
2. 1/1000 Scaled İmplementation Plans ,around the urbanb conservation site
3. Infrastructural Plans (electricity,sewage,naturalgas,water,etc.)
4. Landownership research (private ,pious foundation,municipality,other govermental bodies, etc.)
5. Cadastral maps (1/1000 scaled)
6. Registered Buildings Inventory Documents (Tescil Fişleri)
7. Desitions of High Council of Preservation of Natural and Historical Monuments and Regional Councils
8. Old Maps, photographs,gravuras,etc
ENVİREMENTAL ANALİTİC WORKS OF URBAN RENEWAL AND CONSERVATON PLANNING ARE AS FOLLOWİNG:
1. Land use /housing commercial ,social facilities regipnal buildings,culturel buildings,etc.,
2. Building Heights /1 Flat,2 Flat,3 Flat,terracet,etc.
3. Building Uses /housing ,wearhouse ,wc ,etc.
4. Building Structural condition/ good,medium ,bad
5. Building Constracting Tecnhologies /Wooden,modern constraction technicues
6. Open Areas/ garden ,green areas,empty areas
Course-Open Areas-Destroyed Areas
7. Visiul Values /Panaromic Points, Vistas,Landmarks-Monuments, Special points
8. Enviremental Fixations –Garbage, Archeologic values,PTT Boxes, Natural values, Posts
9. Transportations /Pavements,Transportation Axes (1.deg.,2deg.),Otoparks,Pedestrians
10. Photographs and Dia taking points
11. Adress and Gate Numbers
ANALİTİC WORKS ON ABOUT BUİLDİNG:
1.Facade fixation document:
a. Typological facede architectural qualification
b. Changes in facedes and plans
c. Conservation qualification
2.Plan Fixation Document
a.Typological Plan qualification
b.Orginal, changing and dividing, fixation
c.Evaluation of conservation
Building architectural interior (plans) and facedes fixation are made together with the urban and envirementel researchs.during fieled works photographs are taken all important buildings and social and commercial questionery must implement.
In the social questionaire there must be following questions about social structure :
1. Family structure,
2. Socio-Economic Structure,
3. Education and Culturel Structure ,
4. Social Evolation and Migration.